Power of the Speech free essay sample

An analysis of Hillary Rodham Clinton speech, Womens Rights are Human Rights. This paper explores the powers of the political speech. It shows how each word is chosen with utmost care and often the politicians words are remembered better than their actions. One such speech by Hilary Clinton is analyzed for its content, its intentions and its ramifications. Clintons speech can be seen as belonging to a line of similar speeches in American history, include speeches urging womens enfranchisement given by Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony. She relies heavily on the idea of enfranchisement, which lies at the heart of democracy so much so that we tend to use the word as synonymous with empowerment.

Aes Case Solution Essays

Aes Case Solution Essays Aes Case Solution Paper Aes Case Solution Paper 1. How would you evaluate the capital budgeting method used historically by AES? What’s good and bad about it? â€Å"When AES undertook primarily domestic contract generation projects where the risk of changes to input and output prices was minimal, a project finance framework was employed. † Usually, project finance framework is used when the project has predictable cash flows, which can easily represent operating targets through explicit contract. When cash flows are certainty, the company can have higher level of leverage and it is easier to separate project assets from the parent company. Advantages and Disadvantages: ) Advantages a. Maximize Leverage b. Off-Balance Sheet Treatment c. Agency Cost d. Multilateral Financial Institutions 2) Disadvantages a. Projects V/S Division b. Complexity c. Macroeconomic Risk d. Political Risk: 2. If Venerus implements the suggested methodology, what would be the range of discount rates that AES would use around the world? If Vene rus and AES implement the suggested methodology, the projects would change while WACC changes. To find WACC we must first calculate the leveraged bets for each the US Red Oak and Lal Plr Pakistan projects, using the equation unleveled beta/(1-D/V). It is easy to find debt to capital ratios, which are 39. 5% for U. S and 35. 1% for Pakistan, and the unleveled beta, which are both 0. 25, in Exhibit 7a and 7b. Then we can obtain a leveraged beta for the U. S. , 0. 41, and for Pakistan, 0. 3852. Second we should find the risk free and risk premium rates. Because all debts are finance in U. S. dollar, we use the risk free rate, which is equal to U. S. T-bill, and risk premium rate, which is equal to U. S. risk premium, to calculate the cost of capital for all countries. Using equation cost of capital = Risk Free Rate + levered beta * Risk Premium, we can get the cost of capital for U. S. project, 7. 27%, and for Pakistan project, 7. 2%. After that we should find the cost of debt. Using the formula risk free rate + default spread, we can get the cost of debt for both U. S. project and Pakistan project are 8. 07% (4. 5%+3. 47%), in which both U. S. project and Pakistan project have a same spread, 3. 47%. To adjust we add the sovereign risk into calculation. In Exhibit 7a, the sovereign risk for the U. S. is 0% but for Pakistan is 9. 9%. We thereby get the new evaluation of the cost of capital and cost of debt, which are constant for U. S. and rise to 17. 1% and 17. 97% for Pakistan. Finally we calculate the WACC. The formula is leveraged beta * (cost of capital) + Debt to capital * (cost of debt) * (1-tax rate). Then we get for the U. S. WACC= 6. 48% and for Pakistan WACC= 15. 93%. Finally, we should adjust the WACC with its risk score. Because everything is calculated in U. S. dollar, the U. S. risk score is 0. So the U. S. projects WACC is constant. The Pakistan risk premium is 1. 425. So the change is 1. 25 * 500= 705bp = 7. 05%. Therefore, we get the final Pakistan WACC, which is 23. 08% (15. 93%+7. 05%). In conclusion, the difference between the U. S. and Pakistan projects is 16. 60%. Obviously, the U. S. project looks much more favorable. 3. Does this make sense as a way to do capital budgeting? The financial strategy employed by AES was historically based on project finance. The model worked well in the domes tic market and in the international operations. However, when AES started its diversification of business, it had to face to increasing symmetrical risks, such as business risk. In addition, project finance did not include the risk of devaluation of currency in developing economies which resulted in significant losses due to the inability of the company to survive its international debt obligations. And AES should also pay attention to political risk. Hence we see that the geographical diversification of business made project financing less recommendable as a symmetrical risk becomes more manifest. 4. What is the value of the Pakistan project using the cost of capital derived from the new methodology? If this project was located in the U. S. what would its value be? In order to calculate the value of project for the Lal Pir project in Pakistan, we first need to calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) using the new proposed methodology. The first step is to calculate the value of levered ?. The value of the levered ? comes out to be 38. 52%, which essentially means that our project is not very highly correlated to the market return. Using this v alue of ? we now calculate the cost of Equity. We have used the return on U. S. Treasury Bond, which is 4. 5%, as the risk free return. The cost of equity comes out to be 7. % and similarly, using the risk free return and the default spread we calculate the cost of debt which comes out to be 8. 07%. It is important to note that the cost of debt and the cost of equity also need to be adjusted for the sovereign spread. Once we have the adjusted costs of equity and capital, the WACC comes out to be 15. 93%. However, now we need to adjust this WACC for the risks associated with doing the project in Pakistan. As mentioned in part 2, we get final WACC 23. 08%, which lead us to calculate NPV from the year 2004 to 2023. And it is -$234. 34 million. For U. S. , first we see the sovereign spread is equal to zero. Secondly, in this case we would need to calculate the business risk using the information given in Exhibit 7a. This score comes out to be 0. 64 and using this score, our business risk comes out to be 3. 23% and adding it to calculated value of WACC, we get our final WACC of 9. 64%. Using this we calculate our NPV for USA which comes out to be -$35. 92 million. 5. How does the adjusted cost of capital for the Pakistan project reflect the probabilities of real events? What does the discount rate adjustment imply about expectations for the project because it is located in Pakistan and not the U. S.? To calculate the adjusted cost of capital, we should adjust six common types of risks: Operational, Counterparty, Regulatory, Construction, Commodity, Currency and Legal. In Pakistan, it is possible to meet all these risks except construction. Additionally, the highest probability is the legal risk. When we calculate the WACC for Pakistan through traditional formula it comes out to be 15. 93%, however in order to incorporate the risk factor associated with Pakistan we need to adjust it for the Total Risk Score, which in this case is 1. 425. So we need to adjust our WACC 23. 08%. As mentioned earlier the discount rate is adjusted based on the total risk score of the country. This total risk score is compiled from 6 main types of risks, the probability of which varies from country to country. While currency, regulatory and legal risks are significantly high in Pakistan, the operational, counterparty and commodity risks are higher in U. S.. Similarly when come to the adjusted WACC for Pakistan (23. 08%) and WACC for U. S. (6. 48%), we can conclude that Pakistan is much riskier to invest than the U. S..

The social meaning of clothing and dress Research Paper - 1

The social meaning of clothing and dress - Research Paper Example Clothes are put on bodies which are sigs of Selfhood are defined as extensions of self meaning in the cultural aspect. In this case, the meaning of clothes includes different aspects namely moral, social, and aesthetic (Danesi, 2004, p.179). On the other hand the manner of dressing is based on different parameters such as gender, culture and even religion. The dress codes, for example, are considered as basic social requirements for dressing (Danesi, 2004, p.179). Based on the definition of clothes and dress then it can be considered that the manner by which people present himself or herself can either be based on personal preference or based on the rules of social institutions he or she may belong. In this manner, the social meaning of clothing and dress should be discussed on the basis of two categories. One of the main categories in the social meaning of clothing is the personal preference of the one wearing the clothes. It had been known that clothes and dresses can be considered as one of the basic indications of a person’s character. According to Davis, as quoted in the work of Barnard (2002), clothes that people wear are considered as social statements. Although most people can be considered to choose clothes unconsciously, their personal preference always comes out (p.72). There are different factors that can take part in the choice of clothes and dresses that people wear which at the same time can present their personal preference. One factor is fashion. It can affect the way people choose clothes for a particular season and occasion. Within each trend though, people can still choose what they feel most comfortable in. Another factor is the cultural influence, which is more on the region where a person resides. In the present and modern era where traditional costumes are less worn, differences in the manner by which people choose clothes can still be observed

Critical Response #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Response #2 - Essay Example Different natural disasters are combined and intensified in one movie, which evokes feelings of awe and terror. Seeing hailstorms, tornados, and tsunamis in one sitting is enough to make my blood curl. As if these startling visual images are not enough, half of the world freezes. While millions of people die during these different disasters, I cannot help but feel conscious of my contribution to it. As a cosmopolitan resident in a western country, I have a much larger footprint than people in developing countries with less access to resources and do not depend so much on automobiles and electricity to perform basic tasks. Though this movie is a fictional attempt to change people’s materialistic lifestyles, I somehow feel crazily better at the ending, when the astronauts see the world half frozen and the atmosphere is clearer. It gives hope that people can reverse the damage they have done to their environment, if only they do something

Standardising HR practice in IT company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Standardising HR practice in IT company - Essay Example However, the situation might be a little bit complicated when it comes to handling manpower in the multinational company, which has operations in all over the world with different cultures and values. Globalisation is a very important concept. Knowing it fully will pave way to understanding how entirely a multinational level company should operate. Clive (2001) defined multinational companies as those with strategies and ability to organise allowing them to become sensitive and responsive to variation in national environments worldwide. From this definition, it is clear that the complexity in handling multinational company is taken into consideration. Paralleling the culture and technological innovations of recent time has been the most important development of a global business.For instance, the fact that there are differences of culture and other environmental factors from one country to another is a very important issue that the human resource department should take into consideration as far as the operation of company is concerned on a global basis. In the early 1990s, the IT Company as a large multinational organisation with relatively powerful independence was structured around geographical areas. This lead to different Human Resource (HR) policies that existed between countries where IT Company existed and this resulted further to different HR practices in areas such as training, pay and flexitime. In the early 1990s due to emerging global and local competition, IT Company experienced economic trouble. With this, the organisation tried to change its business and organisational structure. The decision-making authority of local managers was reduced and responsibility transferred to Paris and to the US as regional headquarters where regional managers have the total control on decision making process. In addition to this, business units were instituted which the purpose

Definition And Importance Of Communication English Language Essay

Definition And Importance Of Communication English Language Essay Communication is like a bridge between people, the way in which it happens depending very much on the art of communication, the creativity of the human beings, the message of the communication and on the context in which it takes place. Because of its complexity, communication has been defined in many ways, some definitions being broad and inclusive, others restrictive (Littlejohn, Foss, 2008:3): The process that links discontinuous parts of the living world to one another (Ruesch, 1957:462), A system for communicating information and order (Websters Third New International Dictionary, 1986:460), A participative, two-way sharing of understanding, commitment and purpose, leading to appropriate action (Robbins et al, 2000:633). Communication is an interdisciplinary concept as it is approached from different fields such as linguistics, psychology, ecology, mathematics, etc., enabling us to transmit and share facts, ideas, data, feelings, attitudes. It plays a key role in all the fields of activity, therefore it should be effective so as to be an element of success for every relationship, organization, meeting, research, etc. Still, there are many barriers to effective communication (e.g. language, inappropriate choice of words/channel, different cultural backgrounds, difference in attitudes and values, etc.) which lead to misunderstandings and failure in interaction. Communication is not based just on a simple verbal interaction between people, but also on the body language and the facial expression which are also means of communicating a message. More than that, communication and technology have developed so much lately that we can even speak of forms of communication that move from the traditional human fo rms toward impersonal communication with entities to which we cannot transmit feelings or experiences, e.g. banking networks, computers, phones, etc. and we can also speak not only of human or impersonal communication but also of animal communication. However, if we are to consider a simple model of communication which states that it is a process of information transfer from a sender to a receiver via a medium, the process starting from an inner state of the sender which produces the transfer of the signal and ending with an inner state of the receiver when the signal is delivered (ShannonWeaver, 1949), we can ask ourselves if this simple model is suitable for communication in general, be it human, impersonal or animal. In their book Animal Signals Maynard Smith and Harper (2003:3) defined the signal as: any act or structure which alters the behaviour of other organisms, which evolved because of that effect, and which is effective because the receivers response has also evolved. Here, the signal is understood as having a corresponding response, a modification of behaviour. Still, it may fail sometimes, for example because of poor design or noise. On the contrary, communication means a successful accomplishment of the signalling act, so there is no such concept as failed communication. Thus, it is this possible failure that makes the clear distinction between signalling and communication. In the previous definition, there is no reference to the notion of information but this does not mean that signalling does not use it. If we think of both impersonal and animal signalling, the idea that the signal carries information is implicit, even Maynard Smith and Harper (1995:305) stated that: it is not evolut ionarily stable for the receiver to alter its behaviour unless, on average, the signal carries information of value to it. Hence, information is carried but the relevance of the signal is important as the receiver may ignore the signalling behaviour if the signal is of no use to him and has nothing to gain from it. An important difference between human communication and animal signals (maybe we could even think of this difference when referring to impersonal devices signalling) is the presence of language. People are able to communicate with the help of language, having the power of combining and creating different messages by using symbols, words and their creativity. More than that, people have thoughts, desires, beliefs being able to show and recognize their intentions to communicate, they may use different stimuli to attract the receivers attention and to engage in activities with similar goals and objectives. Animals, on the other hand, have no intentional system (Davidson, 198 2) and none of the above mentioned human traits. The speech acts mark also a difference between human communication and animal/impersonal signals. The communicative acts help us not only to communicate but also to influence each other in various ways. In conclusion, if we take into consideration the particularities of human communication and the limitations of animal/impersonal signalling, we can notice that there are similarities but also differences, thus it would be difficult to say that a simple model would cover all cases. The general terms of human communication being established, we turn to examine other important aspects/models of successful and effective (human) communication. Characteristics of communication Two-way process: The two-way process refers to a communication where the participants take turns in being speaker-listener, writer-reader, the process being complete only if there is a feedback from the receiver to the sender on how well the message is understood. Verbal and nonverbal: Verbal communication uses sounds and language to express ideas and concepts while non-verbal communication uses gestures, touch and body language to send and receive wordless cues between people. Language familiarity: Effective communication means that the sender must use a language the receiver is familiar with, otherwise the communication will be a failure. Interest in the message: The receiver has to be interested in the subject the sender has to convey, so that the communication process is successful. Perception: There should be a consensus between the message that is sent and the one that is received. The intended meaning has to be the same for an effective communication. Continuity: Communication is continuous because in everything we do, we have to convey or receive information, the exchange of information being a continuous process. Formal or informal: Formal communication conforms to established professional rules and standards while informal communication is casual, unofficial and does not conform to any regulations. Components of communication Communication becomes effective when it achieves the desired response from the receiver. These are the components by means of which communication can be effective: Context every communication starts with a context and is affected by the context in which it occurs. The context could be cultural, social, physical, etc. and it is the sender who chooses the message to communicate within such a context. Sender/encoder This is the person who conveys the message. He/she uses words, visual aids or body language to send the message and produced the desires response, the verbal or nonverbal symbols chosen being essential for a correct interpretation of the message by the receiver. Message The message is the essence of what the sender wants to communicate and it is the starting point of the communication process because the sender starts by planning the message he/she wants to transmit. Medium It is the channel which is used to conduct the communicative act. It is essential to choose the right medium in order to have an effective communication. Receiver/decoder This is the person to whom the message is addressed, the understanding of the message depending also on the relationship between the sender and the receiver, but also on the reliance that the encoder has on the decoder. Feedback Feedback is very important for the communication process as the sender has the possibility of analysing the efficacy of the message and to understand if the message has been interpreted correctly. Models of communication There are many code models for understanding the communication process and it would be difficult to consider all of them in this paper, therefore we are going to consider only some significant models which serve the purpose of understanding the process of communication. Aristotle The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to give a model of communication. Incorporating few elements, his model is suitable for public speaking (www.eou.edu). SPEAKER MESSAGE LISTENER According to this model, the speaker/sender has the most important role in communication, taking complete charge, carefully preparing and presenting his thoughts in order to influence the listener/receiver. Aristotles model is the most common model for public speaking where the message is sent to influence the receivers and make them act accordingly. Shannon and Weaver (1949) Claude E. Shannon was an electrical engineer and mathematician who published a paper which referred to a theory of probability for evaluating the success of electronic transmission of information, a concept which became known as the information/communication theory. His model was based on five constituents involved in the process of communication: 1. An information source which produces a message or a sequence of messages to be communicated to the receiving terminal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2. A transmitter which operates on the message in some way to produce a signal suitable for transmission over the channel. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 3. The channel is merely the medium used to transmit the signal from transmitter to receiver. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ During transmission, or at one of the terminals, the signal may be perturbed by noise.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 4. The receiver ordinarily performs the inverse operation of that done by the transmitter, reconstructing the message from the signal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 5. The destination is the person (or thing) for whom the message is intended. (Shannon, 1948:380, 1949:4). In 1949 Shannon s theory was reviewed by Warren Weaver who actually extended the term communication, using it in a very broad sense and making the understanding of the theory easier for those who were not familiar with mathematics. Shannon and Weaver published a work together The Mathematical Theory of Communication which contributed significantly to the application of the communication theory within different fields. NOISE MESSAGE SOURCE TRANSMITTER CHANNEL RECEIVER DESTINATION Roman Jakobson (1960) Jakobsons model of the functions of language makes a distinction between six factors of communication that are necessary for the communication to take place: addresser, message, addressee, context, code and contact. The ADDRESSER sends a MESSAGE to the ADDRESSEE. To be operative, the message requires a CONTEXT referred to (referent in another, somewhat ambiguous, nomenclature), seizable by the addressee, and either verbal or capable of being verbalized; a CODE fully, or at least partially, common to the addresser and addressee (or in other words to the encoder and decoder of the message); and, finally, a CONTACT, a physical channel and psychological connection between the addresser and the addressee, enabling both of them to enter and stay in communication. (Jakobson, 1960:353). CONTEXT MESSAGE ADDRESSER CONTACT ADDRESSEE CODE According to Jakobson (1960) each of these factors determines a different function of language (termed by him as referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalingual and poetic), each verbal message fulfilling more than one of these functions. M. A. K. Halliday (1978) David Crystal (2003) In A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics Crystal defines communication using a classic variant of the model of communication. Communication refers to the transmission of INFORMATION (a message) between a source and receiver using a signalling system: in linguistic contexts, source and receiver are interpreted in human terms, the system involved is a LANGUAGE, and the notion of response to (or acknowledgement of) the message becomes of crucial importance. In theory, communication is said to have taken place if the information received is the same as that sent (Crystal, 2003:85). INFORMATION SOURCE LANGUAGE RECEIVER RESPONSE MESSAGE COMPREHENSION Possible diagram of Crystals model The examples presented here prove the long existence of the different models, each of them having a pattern of development, a contribution and an influence on the process of communication. However, an important aspect of the communicative process is language which helps us to communicate, to actually convey the message to other individuals, to interact and create systems for communicating. In general linguistics, language is analysed as a formal system, Noam Chomsky (1975) referring to it as being innate, a biological necessity and a highly abstracted individual competence. Still, when communicating, people do not rely only on the rules of language as a formal system, but also on the environment, the social context and the knowledge they have of the topic. Even if linguists like Chomsky or Pinker claim that people are somehow wired to language, people also have the ability to become aware and to respond to the environmental cues when using the language. It is because of these abiliti es and reactions that language plays an important role in communication and has an impact on human interaction. Language performs many communicative functions, one of the main functions being the communication of information, and even if there have been many attempts to give some general rules for the main functions of language, the results have been inconsistent, this functional approach being less well documented (Brown and Yule, 1983:1). Brown and Yule used only two terms to refer to the main functions of language, the distinction being made between transactional language and interactional language, which actually correspond to the classifications representative/expressive found in Buhler (1934), referential/emotive (Jakobson, 1960), ideational/interpersonal (Halliday, 1970b) and descriptive/social-expressive (Lyons, 1977) . According to Brown and Yule (1983), transactional language is that language which is efficient, the speaker (or writer) having in mind the efficient transfer ence of information, the receiver having to get the message correctly, as there is no place for misinterpretation because of the terrible consequences that it may have, for example a teacher giving the wrong information to students at the beginning of an exam or a fireman misguiding his colleagues during a fire. Interactional language refers to the language used in everyday conversations or social relationships, the sociologists and sociolinguists being the ones concerned with the use of language to establish and maintain social relationships (Brown and Yule, 1983:3). Everyday conversations are more subject to interactional than transactional use of language, phrases like Terrible weather, isnt it. or Thats a nice shirt/blouse suggesting the speakers intention to develop a conversation and be friendly not his/her intention to convey a message. Conversational analysts such as Brown and Levinson (1978) believe that agreement and a common point of view are essential for this type of la nguage, repetition being one of the means by which agreement is emphasised. A distinction has to be made here between spoken language which is generally considered to be more interpersonal than informative, and written language which is considered to be primarily transactional. Spoken and written language are produced differently and with different effects. Spoken versus written language There are differences between the spoken and the written language which refer not only to the way that they are produced and to their effects, but also to their evolution and independence. Language is considered to be a natural ability, the capacity to acquire it being innate. Still, the views are different when referring to spoken or written language. There are many linguists who believe that written language is a human invention and not a natural ability. Darwin (1871) wrote about the instinct of speaking that we can observe even with little children while there is no such instinct as writing that can be observed with children. Saussure (1916) stated that writing exist only to represent speech, while Bloomfield (1933) claimed that writing is only a way in which speaking can be recorded, there being no such term as written language. Even if this view about writing has been sustained by many renowned linguists, it is not universally accepted. Linguists from the Prague Linguistic Circ le, such as Pulgram (1965) or Vachek (1973, 1989), view written language as an independent system equal to spoken language, the two systems mutually influencing each other .

Cahills How The Irish Saved Civilization Essay -- essays research pape

Cahill's How the Irish Saved Civilization Thomas Cahill opens his story describing Rome's fall, â€Å"For as the Roman Empire fell, as all through Europe matted, unwashed barbarians descended on the Roman cities, looting artifacts and burning books, the Irish who were just learning to read and write, took up the just labor of copying all of western literature - everything they could get their hands on. These scribes then served as conduits through which Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian cultures were transmitted to the tribes of Europe, newly settled amid the rubble and ruined vineyards of the civilization they had overwhelmed.† (Cahill, p.3) The theme of this book is that the scribes did something unique, they saved civilization, not the masses of people, but literature, the content of â€Å"classical civilization.† (Cahill, p. 58) One reads of the time from Rome's fall to medieval times learning through the stories of the characters, most notable Augustine and Patrick.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Augustine, his faith based on Roman Chrisitanity, â€Å"looked into his own heart and found the anguish of each individual.† (Cahill, p. 115) Patrick, the slave turned Christian, escapes only to return to convert the Irish. He was the first missionary to the barbarians beyond Greco-Roman law â€Å"who looked into the hearts of others.† (Cahill, p. 115)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cahill notes Ireland is the only land where Christianity is introduced without violence - there were no murdered Irish...

Complex Phenomenon of Obesity

Obesity a Complex Phenomenon When a person hears the word obesity thoughts that may come to mind are overweight, big, or unhealthy. Obesity is a growing outbreak in America that effects all ages and gender. Obesity today is becoming or has become a problem in America. Comparing to other countries, not one has an overweight problem near as bad as the United States. With that in mind, people’s health is a huge concern in America in which obesity has a big impact on. Obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories than what they burn.The human body needs calories to sustain life and be physically active, but to maintain weight it needs to balance the energy we eat with the energy that’s use to operate. Childhood obesity in America is a growing disease because of advertisement of fast food, lack of physical activities, and parental control. This has made fast food a major health issue in young teenagers’ lives, parents need to take charge and help out the situati on. Obesity is a complex phenomenon, but â€Å"the main causes can be grouped into three main topics, poor food choice, lack of exercise, and the lack of awareness. (Obesity; study) Poor food choice is one of the main causes. People today eat more and more fast food which is high in fats, cholesterol, and contains too much carbohydrate. The body is overloaded with fats and sugar, which is converted into body fat. The second main cause is lack of exercise. A recent study shown in Diabetes week states that â€Å"kids in elementary schools spend an average of 22-24 hours a week watching television† (Weight Loss). Kids no longer spend their free time playing outside; instead they sit in a couch all day and watch TV or play video games.The danger in some rough neighborhoods can also add to the situation, because some parents do not feel that it is safe for their children to play outside. A third contributing factor is lack of awareness about good eating habits. Mothers give their children too much choices and too little guidance in what to eat, advertising confuses kids and leaves them debating whether a fast food product is good or bad for their health, and conflicting information about diets and healthy eating from the food industry and medical experts just makes them confused about diets.Fast-food joints have not only come to dominate the American landscape, they are also the most visible American export around the globe. Unfortunately, â€Å"fast food contains almost no nutrients and is loaded with added salt, sugar, refined flours, fat, and preservatives. †(Weight loss) The irony is that even though at the moment getting a meal from a fast food restaurant seems great, it’s not. For every dollar that is spent on fast food, and every second saved at a drive-through, over a lifetime it comes back and puts people at serious health risk.Obesity amongst children is a serious matter that goes beyond a child putting on a few pounds. It is an issu e that has many health and social consequences, which often continue into adulthood. According to Su Shaoyong in his article Genetics and Obesity â€Å"obesity increases one’s risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, cancers, pulmonary disease, bone joint disorders, and early death. † (1) Obesity also often causes psychological problems.Many are judged on their appearance rather than their personality, meaning that people with obesity also suffer from discrimination and rejection by their peers. This ultimately causes poor self-image, which leads to low self-esteem. Meaning the greater the degree of obesity, greater the chance of suffering physical and psychological health problems. The good news is that there is no doubt that obesity can be prevented at an early age. Physical activity and inputting nutritional knowledge on kids are the main methods to preventing obesity.Parents and schools provide the connection to counterfeit a kid’s urge for fast-food. Adapting a healthy lifestyle at a young age is very important, since it is difficult to change later on. â€Å"The quality of food in schools, including school meals, vending machines, has a huge impact on a children’s physical health. †(Obesity; Study) Schools should be careful and take into great consideration to try to provide a healthy overall menu. Schools need to require physical education during school and provide after-school opportunities for physical activities to help regularize a more active lifestyle for a kid.Second, parents are the most important role models. â€Å"Adults have the responsibility to encourage children to become active, help them watch their diet†. (Shaoyong 1) Some parents argue that they should be able to feed their children what they want, and it’s their kids own body so it’s up to them to take care of themselves. That should not be an excuse, being obese comes with sev eral other problems. Why would any parent want to worry about their children having any type of health risks? Adults need to fulfill their jobs as being parents towards heir children, by being able to teach and show their kids how to live a healthy lifestyle. Doing a lot of small things for example limiting the amount of times they eat out at a fast-food restaurant or buying more fruits and vegetables instead of convenience foods that have a lot of fat in it can have a big impact on their child’s health. Every day the number of obese children increases. It should be a number one priority in many families to eat properly and exercise, their lives depend on it.Most people in the United States have changed their lifestyle completely, from one in which there was more walking, physical and outdoor activity, into a lazy lifestyle with little or no exercise. Most citizens take cars to work and do office jobs, spend their days off watching TV, and would rather much prefer fast food o ver an exhausting home cooked meal. America has brought this problem upon themselves, now it’s up to its citizens to take precaution about the situation and help solve it by getting educated and becoming more aware of it. Word Count: 1030

Free Essays on Bilingual Education

Bilingual education, a preferred strategy for the last 20 years, teaches academic subjects to immigrant children in their native languages (most often Spanish), while slowly and at the same time adding English instruction. In theory, the children don't fall behind in other subjects while they are learning English. When they are fluent in English, they can then "transition" to English instruction in academic subjects at the grade level of other children their same age. Further, the theory goes, teaching immigrants in their native language puts importance on their family and community culture and reinforces their sense of self-worth, therefore making their academic success more likely (Duignan 5). Yet in recent years, bilingual education has created as much controversy as any other education issue. Most educators and parents agree that the main goals in educating students with a native language other than English are mastery of English and mastery of content in academic areas. But a heated academic and political battle is being fought over how is the best way to reach those goals and how important it is to preserve the students’ original language in the process (Adely 2). Though a fair amount of opposition exists in relation to these programs, the general trend is of support of the economic and academic advantages of the bilingual program. When schools provide children quality education in their primary language, they give them two things: knowledge and literacy. The knowledge that children get through their first language helps make the English they hear and read more comprehensible. Literacy developed in the primary language transfers to the second language. The reason is simple: Because we learn to read by reading- that is, by understanding what is on the page (Duignan 10)- it is easier to learn to read in a language we understand. Once we can read in one language, we can read in general. The best bilingual educatio... Free Essays on Bilingual Education Free Essays on Bilingual Education Bilingual education in the United States is growing rapidly. The growing number of immigrants and the need for children to adapt to American culture while keeping their culture as well is very important. There has been many break throughs and different views on which method is the best way to teach immigrants and children. One goal, which is to take place at the elementary level, is bilingual education. Bilingual education is the sanctioned use of more than one language in schools throughout the United States. In 1968 the bilingual Education Act was passed to mandate schools to provide bilingual education programs. The act states individuals who have a limited proficiency of English must be taught to speak the language. These people can be referred to in three ways. A) Any individual who were not born in the United States or whose native language is a language other than English. B) Individuals who come from environments where language other than English is dominate and C) individuals who are American Indian, Alaskan natives and who come from areas where language other than English has had a significant impact on their level of English proficiency, and who by reason by reason have difficulty speaking, reading, writing or understanding the English language. To deny such individuals the opportunit y to learn and successfully speak the English language in a classroom, denies a person the chance to communicate within society and therefore is a violation of this act. In the article New Trends in Language Education for Hispanic Students by Wendy Schwartz, she writes about bilingual strategies for the youth. Native Spanish speaking students need to stay in the bilingual program until they have a foundation that enables them to master other academic subjects. Students learning a second language require constant school assistance and effort. The schools must also convey high expectations that the student will become literate in E... Free Essays on Bilingual Education Bilingual education, a preferred strategy for the last 20 years, teaches academic subjects to immigrant children in their native languages (most often Spanish), while slowly and at the same time adding English instruction. In theory, the children don't fall behind in other subjects while they are learning English. When they are fluent in English, they can then "transition" to English instruction in academic subjects at the grade level of other children their same age. Further, the theory goes, teaching immigrants in their native language puts importance on their family and community culture and reinforces their sense of self-worth, therefore making their academic success more likely (Duignan 5). Yet in recent years, bilingual education has created as much controversy as any other education issue. Most educators and parents agree that the main goals in educating students with a native language other than English are mastery of English and mastery of content in academic areas. But a heated academic and political battle is being fought over how is the best way to reach those goals and how important it is to preserve the students’ original language in the process (Adely 2). Though a fair amount of opposition exists in relation to these programs, the general trend is of support of the economic and academic advantages of the bilingual program. When schools provide children quality education in their primary language, they give them two things: knowledge and literacy. The knowledge that children get through their first language helps make the English they hear and read more comprehensible. Literacy developed in the primary language transfers to the second language. The reason is simple: Because we learn to read by reading- that is, by understanding what is on the page (Duignan 10)- it is easier to learn to read in a language we understand. Once we can read in one language, we can read in general. The best bilingual educatio...

Prosperos enemies Essay Example

Prosperos enemies Essay Example Prosperos enemies Essay Prosperos enemies Essay On the other hand, Prospero did rescue Ariel from the wrath of The foul witch Sycorax or the blue-eyed hag Also, despite Ariels desire for freedom, he is still obedient to Prospero and he seems to take pleasure in his work:  All hail, great master, grave sir, hail! I come  To answer thy best pleasure; bet to fly,  To swim, to dive into the fire, to ride  On the curled clouds. To thy strong bidding task  Ariel, and all his quality.  Throughout the play, Prosperos attitude towards Ariel is indefinite. Sometimes he seems affectionate, calling Ariel bird, chick, my fine spirit. But, at other times, he calls Ariel moody or malignant thing. Ariels language often expresses rapid movement and breathless excitement. There is sometimes a childlike eagerness to please in What shall I do? Say what? What shall I do? as if he enjoys his chores and he is excited to do more. It is Ariel who teaches Prospero forgiveness and pity or reminds him that he has forgiveness and pity. Describing the troubles of Prosperos enemies, Ariel says that the sight of them would make Prospero feel compassion:  Ariel if you now beheld them, your affections  Would become tender.  Prospero Dost thou think so, spirit?  Ariel Mine would, sir, were I human.  Prospero And mine shall. Throughout the play, Prosperos art is driven by desire for revenge against those who usurped him as Duke of Milan. Prospero himself proves this when he says, They being penitent, The sole drift of my purpose doth extend Not a frown further. Here he admits to having a different aim throughout the play. He declares this immediately after he has announced that he is going to reconcile with his enemies rather than take an action of vengeance. Although he makes out that all he wants is to have reconciliation and forgiveness, there is no clear indication that his intention from the outset has been to forgive his usurpers, until Act 5, after he has been persuaded by Ariel, he says; The rarer action is in virtue, than in vengeance. However, what Prospero does not realise is that for all his power, all that he can achieve by his plan is destruction and revenge. He can punish men and make them fear him but he cannot produce true repentance until he gives up his revenge and appears before those who have wronged him not as a magician but as a man, as he does at the end of the play. Prosperos form of punishment does not allow for true penitence as it does not teach them why they were wrong or what the right thing to do was. Therefore, Alonso only feels regret because he is scared of his discovery of Prosperos powers and because he believes that his son is dead. From the moment that Alonso is released from Prosperos spell, and familiarised with Prospero, he talks only of the death of his son and of how he simply can not believe that Prospero has caused this business more than nature Was ever conduct of. In addition, Prospero merely introduces himself and Alonso is already apologising and asking for forgiveness. As it says above, he does not truly know why he is saying sorry or why he has to be penitent, though he obviously feels he does. Also, as for Sebastian and Antonio, they never learn and never repent and, in doing so, do not really regret what they have done. Since being released from the charm that Prospero placed on his enemies, Antonio speaks only one line before the end of the play and that is one which makes fun of Caliban, One of them Is a plain fish, and no doubt marketable. This shows that he does not even think about his brother never mind apologising to him and asking for forgiveness. The same goes for Sebastian as, although he says more, his lines have comedy in and not a hint of repentance. Evidently, although Prospero can place his enemies in circumstances advantageous to his plan by exposing them to the storm and tormenting them with his magic, he can not force any of them to repent. His supernatural art enables him to control them physically but their minds are resistant to his influence. The powers of this remarkably talented ruler are limited and, in the end, his project is only a partial success as not everybody is happy and not everybody wants to be forgiven. Although he has won control, he has not won happiness, nor, with the exception of Miranda who lies largely outside that scope of his art, has he won love. He has been able to see the evil inherent in life clearly, such as Antonio, Caliban and Alonso, but the good has been largely obscured, such as Miranda, Gonzalo and Ariel, by too great a preoccupation with his aspiration for revenge. His decision to forgive the villains, or at least not punish them too severely, is difficult. However, he has not redeemed the world; his project appears to be much smaller than that. All he has done is make something which was very wrong, for which one could say he is largely responsible, a little bit better, and has provided a chance for another generation to make a new beginning with evil still present. However, Prospero did learn about himself. In the last Act, Prospero finds within himself the desire to bring about the process of reconciliation rather than seek revenge, to which he has devoted the latter part of his life. He also finds that, in forgiving his enemies and abandoning his own position of power, he finds his freedom. Therefore, although he has not found repentance off everybody, he has fulfilled his dream, to be free. Though with their high wrongs I am struck to thquick,  Yet, with my nobler reason gainst my fury  Do I take part. The rarer action is  In virtue, than in vengeance. They being penitent,  The sole drift of my purpose doth e xtend  Not a frown further. Go, release them, Ariel.  So, is Prospero an angry man or a divine ruler? Is he a good person or a bad person? Shakespeare portrays Prospero as an individual who learns a very important lesson throughout the play. At the beginning, Prospero is preoccupied with revenge, for the latter part of his life, he has been intent on teaching his enemies a lesson and showing them what is right and wrong, however, he does not do this, instead, he forgives them and, the majority of the party reconcile. At the end of the play, where a change in Prospero is evident as he has reconciled with his enemies, he is free from the island and has resolved any anger he had, he stands in the middle of the stage, without his magic power, for the epilogue, where he proceeds to almost whisper a plea for our indulgence. This is the final stage of the reformation of Prospero. This final speech illustrates Prospero as a man, devoid of any magic powers. The cast off role of magician becomes a foil against which a fragile human self is formed and defined:  Now my charms are all oerthrown,  And what strength I haves mines own   Which is most faint.  Ã‚  To conclude, Prospero is a very angry man who manipulates his power as a magician to have slaves and perform an act of revenge. However, throughout the play, his character goes through changes and, at the end, when he is reconciled, though he has not got everybodys repentance, he finds freedom and realises that in forgiving his enemies and abandoning his own position of power, he has managed to see that he has been a slave to the purpose of revenge as much as the spirits he has commanded. Also, if at the end, he is without power and servants, he is also without anger, therefore he has fulfilled his dream. He set out to get his Dukedom of Milan back, and that he did.

Business law international Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business law international - Essay Example This will be a help or support provided by the IMF to support countries which are suffering from capital flight. It stated that the IMF has allowed for an emergency finance mechanism so as to facilitate the countries which have been hit by the prevailing financial crisis. The scheme has been said to be a sppedy procedure for the approval of loans, as stated by the IMF chief Dominique Staruss-Khan and was used in the financial crisis in 1997. It is a procedure which has its legal validity and has been stated to be procedure adopted by the IMF in situations of credit crisis. It was stated that due to slump in demand in Western economies there had been cut in credit lines which had adversely affected emerging economies and due to this the IMF stated it was willing to provide assistance to countries which are in need to funding. ... Similar grants were also provided to Philippines, Thailand, Korea and Indonesia after the Asian financial crisis erupted in 1997. Another thing that needs to be pointed at this time is that in October the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal, an international organization which is an esteemed and highly regarded convened in Madrid so as deliver a judgment on the institutions that is World Bank and IMF. The evidence which had been provided was analyzed and expert witnesses were called upon and their judgments were looked into. The Tribunal issued a sentence of guilty. It was stated that the policies that had been adopted by the IMF and the World Bank infringed human rights and were found to be homicidal. The session of the Tribunal was a follow up on the pledge that had been vowed by the previous session which had taken place in Berlin in 1988 so as to assess the policies of the institution with regard to international law and the right to self determination. It had been assessed that the policies of the IMF and the World Bank are in contradiction with the constitutive treaties and the basic principles of International Law. Further it has been stated that the policies of the World Bank and the IMF can not be unfettered when they are in violation of the international law. Thus it had been stated by the Tribunal that the UN General Assembly should direct the International Court of Justice to set limitations on the competence of the IMF and the World Bank. Further it has been stated that the International Human rights should be adopted as a part of International Law to affect the policies of the IMF. In the current situation there have been put forward by the IMF

Discuss the implications of globalisation for both rich and poor Essay

Discuss the implications of globalisation for both rich and poor countries - Essay Example United Nation Development Program (UNDP) is concerned that inequalities and poverty level have increased in poor countries. UNDP indicates the major cause is global trade and finance system (World Bank, 2000). Another implication of globalization for the rich and the poor countries is that there is increased global protest and chaos. For instance, global trade means that investors from different countries have access to rich or poor countries thus increasing the chances of insecurity and drug trafficking. Security is important to poor and rich countries. While most countries join together to improve trade, in some cases insecurity is experienced. Likewise, illegal transactions have been reported for example importing of guns and elephant trunks which is mostly done by the residents of the countries (David, 2001). Drug trafficking like cocaine among other hard drugs is a threat to the countries residents especially to the youths since in most cases the drugs are sold to the youths thu s making a country lowers the economic status. This is based on the fact that young people support a country with the required output in the factories and in plantations among other areas. The rules and ideologies of globalization are that free trade is allowed, deregulation, privatization and structural adjustment which has left the poor countries residents to be homeless, landless and hungry. Since investors from other countries look for cheap labor, no training when recruiting new resources making the matter worse in poor countries. This means that access to health facilities, education, water, sanitation among other things is not easy thus resulting to negative effects on the productivity in such countries (Pritchett, 1998). On the other hand, the rich countries are not affected but rather they keep on increasing their wealth. For example, from 1986 to 2000, the total US wealth that was controlled by people increased from $7.2 trillion to $27 trillion. This