Medieval Poetry - 3509 Words

Medieval literature is a very diverse subject. The term covers the literature of Europe during the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginnings of the Renaissance in the 15th century, spanning a period of roughly 1,000 years. As a result, it is difficult to make generalizations about medieval literature. It is, nonetheless, possible to identify a few general trends. Allegory and symbolism are common in medieval literature, perhaps more so than in modern writing. Religious and philosophical messages were often conveyed through the use of figures, such as the panther, an animal which represented Christ. Old Norse and Irish poetry often contains figures of baffling complexity which allowed listeners who puzzled them out to†¦show more content†¦Along the way, this knight encounters mysterious hermits, confronts evil blackguards and brigands, slays monsters and dragons, competes anonymously in tournaments, and suffers from wounds, starvation, deprivation, and exposure in the wilderness. He may incidentally save a few extra villages and pretty maidens along the way before finishing his primary task. (This is why scholars say romances are episodic--the plot can be stretched or contracted so the author can insert or remove any number of small, short adventures along the heros way to the larger quest.) Medieval romances often focus on the supernatural. In the classical epic, supernatural events originate in the will and actions of the gods. However, in secular medieval romance, the supernatural originates in magic, spells, enchantments, and fairy trickery. Divine miracles are less frequent, but are always Christian in origin when they do occur, involving relics and angelic visitations. A secondary concern is courtly love and the proprieties of aristocratic courtship--especially the consequences of arranged marriage and adultery. Scholars usually divide medieval romances into four loose categories based on subject-matter: (1) The Matter of Rome: stories based on the history and legends of Greco-Roman origin such as the Trojan War, Thebes, mythological figures, and the exploits of Alexander the Great. The medieval poet usuallyShow MoreRelatedMedieval Literature and Poetry Illuminated Manuscripts983 Words   |  4 PagesMedieval Literature and Poetry/ Illuminated Manuscripts The Middle Ages was a period of about one thousand years, between the collapse of the Roman Empire during the fifth century AD and the revival of classical art and learning known as the Renaissance around the fifteenth century. During this dark and chaotic period small groups of devout Christians could live with security and pursue a religious life. These people were doing something that almost no one else could do at the time- readingRead MoreMedieval English Poetry : The Foundations Of Anglo-Saxon Poetry1701 Words   |  7 Pagesmost prominent cultures in Britain (â€Å"Anglo-Saxons: A Brief History). Anglo-Saxon poetry â€Å"sheds light on the nature of medieval English culture, especially on its ability to integrate pagan Germanic history within the framework of the Christian Middle Ages†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (a work from an anthology 1230). Their literature was seldom ever written down, but it was spread orally and usually intended for performance (â€Å"Anglo-Saxon Poetry.†). Since their literature was used for performance, it had to be extremely rhythmicalRead More The Greatest Literary Emblem of the Middle Ages Essay2067 Words   |  9 Pagesthey flourished and developed, which was the Medieval Era. The Middle Ages is the period of European history that goes from the collapse of the Roman civilization to the beginning of the Renaissance, and it extends from about 500 to 1500 ca. (â€Å"Middle Ages†). This period is called the â€Å"Dark Ages† since it is regarded by the Renaissance scholars as a long interval of superstition, ignorance, barbarism, and social oppression due to the fact that the Medieval era was a fight to establish a new societyRead MoreMedieval Music And England During The Time Of 1066-15001866 Words   |  8 PagesMedieval Music in England from 1066-1500s What significant developments or achievements from Medieval Music in England during the time of 1066-1500 CE has had an impact on today’s music and how? The Medieval Times had a lot of trading and invasions of new lands. Countries exchanged ideas to other countries, introducing new discoveries and inventions. During Medieval England, music was a current and changing development, with composers changing their music all the way to the growth and decisions ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Miller s Tale And It A Whole New Spin 1533 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes not take place in a medieval time period. Brinkman’s version of â€Å"The Miller’s Tale† has no set city, town, or any kind of location. Readers would assume that it would be set in some medieval time period since Chaucer’s was, but Brinkman uses several words that suggest otherwise. In line seven of his rap he states â€Å"Cost of living; without a dollar he lived as an Astrologist,† the word â€Å"dollar† rules out the assumption that it is set in a medieval time period. During medieval times in England, theRead More The Book of the Duchess, t he Parliament of Fowls, and the House of Fame1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Book of the Duchess, the Parliament of Fowls, and the House of Fame The Parliament of Fowls and the House of Fame are closely related to each other and to the Book of the Duchess, as all three of the poetry share several similar themes. Written between 1368 and 1380 they are some of Chaucer’s earliest works in which aspects of some of the great writers of his time are evident. There are three major themes intertwined within the three works, which Chaucer has added to the Dream Vision genreRead MoreRoles and Lifestyles of Aristocrats and Peasants During Medieval European Civilization2511 Words   |  11 PagesTownspeople 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction Figure 1.0: Timeline of major events during Medieval European civilization. Trade increased during Medieval European civilization which subsequently contributed to the surge demand of gold, silver and silk. Figure 2.0: Trade routes of Medieval European civilization During the period of Medieval European civilization, there were three groups of people who played very important roles, namely aristocrats, townspeople andRead More Narrative Frames and Interpretive Models in Troilus and Criseyde1990 Words   |  8 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emphasis is placed on the process of telling the tale, rather than its eventual outcome. Synthesis of tradition and innovation is the key. The narrator wants to pay homage to the legacy of ancient Greek and Roman literature by pushing his poetry to attain that level of artistic achievement.   He instructs his litel book to kis the steppes where thow seest pace Virgile, Ovide, Omer, Lucan, Stace (V, 1792). This is not a matter of imitation or mere mimickry, however. Lollius, as an intermediaryRead MoreMedieval Vs. Renaissance Literature1323 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval and Renaissance Literature The medieval literature is a clear depiction of the Christian’s changed perception in relation to Christ’s second coming. Initially, the majority of the readings focused entirely on three aspects that resonate around Jesus’ second coming, an anticipated resurrection for the faithful and the ultimate judgment. Judgment in this case was beyond human comprehension and it was regarded as God’s preserve. With the ‘second coming’ becoming extremely remote, middleRead MoreMusic from All over the World Presents a Range of Musical Theories. Some of These Are Documented in Writing Whilst Others Are Transmitted Orally. Discuss and Give Examples with Reference to Both Western and Non-Western Music.3032 Words   |  13 Pagesof octave, which are combinations of the two species aforementioned. These octave species were termed as follows: Mixolydian (B-b), Lydian (c –c’), Phrygian (d-d’), Dorian (e-e’), Hypolydian (f-f’), Hypophrygian (g-g’), and Hypodorian (a-a’). Some medieval theorists later adopted these names for their church modes, but the latter differ from Cleonides’ octave species as they lack a principal note on which a melody is expected to end, which thus defines a mode. Fragments of ancient Greek music – about

The Federal Medicare Program For Public Integrity

Author Donald A Barr defines the Medicare program. â€Å"The federal Medicare program is our system of universal health insurance for everyone sixty-five years old or older paid through a general withholding tax† (Barr 131). Unfortunately, the United States Medicare system is financially unstable. â€Å"Medicare is spending more money than they are bringing in†¦Policymakers are looking at several different options that will alter the Medicare program significantly† (WPC 2). In turn, a high number of companies and organizations are investing their time and revenue into lobbying to make healthcare changes. Joe Eaton from the Center for Public Integrity shares â€Å"More than 1,750 corporations and organizations hired about 4,525 lobbyists — eight for each member of Congress — to influence health reform bills in 2009† (Eaton). The objective for special interest groups is to pull financial resources together to be a force of influence. Granted ther e is strength in numbers, for example, the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) â€Å"deployed fifty-six in-house lobbyists and two from outside firms to work the issue on behalf of its members. Also, American Medical Association (AMA), â€Å"spent $20 million overall in 2009 lobbying Congress on behalf of doctors† (Eaton). The AMA was successful in removing a $300 fee for physicians that participate in Medicare and Medicaid. Furthermore, the AMA advocated for budget cuts for higher income Medicare subscribers and payment cuts for Medicare biller’sShow MoreRelatedMedicaid Fraud1530 Words   |  7 Pagescommit Medicaid fraud through false billing. The Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse statute provides that an individual who knowingly and willfully offers, pays, solicits, or receives any remuneration in exchange for referring an individual for the furnishing of any item or service (or for the purchasing, leasing, ordering, or recommending of any good, fac ility, item, or service) paid for in whole or in part by Medicare or a state health care program (i.e., Medicaid) shall be guilty of a felony;Read MoreA Comprehensive Overview Of The Affordable Care Act1713 Words   |  7 Pages But with the federal government providing nearly 100 percent funding for many states funded health care program like Medicaid expanding programs, health coverage is set to be accessible to many Americans †¢ The Role of public programs This section also covered the eligibility, payments, and choices for community, enrollment mechanism and times of effectiveness of coverage †¢ Improving the quality of health care for all Americans †¢ Prevention of chronic disease and improving public health †¢ HealthRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1281 Words   |  6 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA). This program is for families and individuals with limited resources and low income. This program ensures that individuals who fall under these categories are able to have medical and financial benefits (Martin, 2015). The Affordable Care Act is a program that has expanded the eligibility for more citizens to receive benefits under Medicaid. Citizens that fall under the poverty line now qualify for coverage in all states that have a Medicaid program. In the United States, MedicaidRead MoreMedicare Reimbursement Model Pros And Cons1092 Words   |  5 PagesIn my role with Liberty Mutual, I drove adoption of Medicare reimbursement models through public affairs involvement with multiple state workers compensation committees seeking to update their reimbursement schedules in response to the implementation of ICD-10 coding requirements in October of 2015. With the sta te workers’ compensation authorities seeking to adopt CMS reimbursement type models, my involvement was directed at securing the inclusion of specific CMS rules governing correct coding andRead MoreHealthcare Ecosystems944 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom federal government programs such as Medicare. Healthcare facilities must meet the minimum standards in order to operate, such as sufficient staffing, personnel employed to provide services, the quality of equipment, buildings, and supplies, and services provided, including health records. (LaTour, 2013) Medicare has developed Conditions of Participation and Conditions for Coverage, which identifies specific criteria that must be met in order to receive reimbursement from Medicare. Medicare implementsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act And Provides A Nice Knowledge Information And Summary1350 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand how the Act relates to health professionals in America. A description of Affordable Care Act The US healthcare team of professionals keeps on looking for ways of improving health services offered to citizens. In 1965, the Medicaid and Medicare Acts were enacted; President Barak Obama made regulatory changes in the same measure by passing the Affordable Care Act. The Affordable Care Act was signed into law on March 23, 2010, following an enactment by the the111th Congress of the UnitedRead MoreWhite House Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to White House Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Issues On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), known to everyone as the new and improved Health Care Reform. The new law was designed to make sure that consumers and their doctors, were in charge of their health care rather than insurance companies. The changes made in Health Care Reform laws by subsequent legislation implemented significant changes thatRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe ACA is considered the most expansive healthcare reform legislation in the United States since the formation of Medicaid and Medicare in 1965 (Berg Dickow, 2014). The creation of the ACA ushered in a new progression for the United States healthcare system that put an emphasis on preventive services and primary care (Berg Dickow, 2014). The ACA also aided in the public problem of the being uninsured in this country. It worked to provide insurance coverage to millions within the United State s whoRead MoreMedicare Fraud647 Words   |  3 PagesMedicare fraud is becoming a huge problem in today’s society. Medicare is a health insurance program for personnel paid by taxes the American population contributes to for personnel 65 years or older. When a health care provider, health suppliers, and private health companies deliberately bill Medicare for supplies or services that were not given is considered Medicare Fraud. To include, when a person uses another person’s Medicare card to receive health care for which the person does not qualifyRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1272 Words   |  6 Pages23, 2010 the president signed this bill and it became a law. The Affordable Care Act states that everyone living in the United States must purchase health insurance or risk being fined a penalty for not having health insurance (American Journal of Public Health, 2015). This Act is saying health care is a shared community responsibly in hopes to decrease health care cost and increase patient care and availability to treatment. A person who was not eligible for health insurance before due to pre-existing

Essay The First World War - 841 Words

The First World War c) The Following were equally important reasons why the stalemate on the Western Front was finally broken: new technology like the tank the American entry into the war the blockading of German ports the German offensive in March 1918 Explain how far you agree with this statement. All of the reasons suggested above do play a part in why the stalemate on the Western Front was finally broken. Although, each reason stated is not equally important and there are other reasons as to why the stalemate did break and these must be considered also. The first suggested reason to be considered was the use of new technology, yet, however advance the technology was,†¦show more content†¦Attack by sea was also encouraged, U-boats were made to destroy import boats, unfortunately most of these boats turned out to be highly armed attack ships in disguise read to destroy the U-boats. Ships that did manage to siege successfully were in effect unsuccessful because of the rationing and recycling efforts made by the British and their allies. So overall, the new technology helped but none of the new weaponry was war winning and most definitely not as important as the other factors to the ending of the stalemate. The United States entry to the war in April 1917 was due to the Zimmerman telegram intercepted by the British intelligence and this telegram was from Germany to Mexico encouraging Mexico to reclaim states taken from them by America. The United States entry into the war brought millions of fresh, new, eager men and plentiful supplies. These supplies were all helpful and most of the supplies (as America was and still is a highly technologically advanced country) were of the new technology mentioned earlier. This abundance of new weaponry gave Britain and the allies an edge over the Germans and their allies. The allied troops also found a new inspiration to fight because of the United States entry and so an intense morale boost swept through the troops. America also had immense amounts of money (being the richest country in the world), which they lent to theShow MoreRelatedThe First World War1809 Words   |  8 Pages The first world war was one of the most brutal and remorseless events in history; ‘the global conflict that defined a century’. Over nine million soldiers and a large amount of innocent civilians lost their lives. Empires crumbled, revolution engulfed Russia and America rose to become a dominant world power. Huge armies deployed new weapons of devastating effect from rifles and pistols to torpedoes and flame throwers. These weapons were used not only in the trenches but by tanks too. This was anRead MoreThe First World War : The Great War1600 Words   |  7 Pages The First World War sometimes referred to as the European War was more commonly referred to as the Great War. So much in the world was changed by this war, so it simply by most known as the Great War. â€Å"It is because no other war until then had had such an impact on the world. It was the first war to affect all of the major nations of Europe and the world. It took many lives and changed the lives of m illions more.† (Rivera, 2014) Some countries do not refer to the war as great because theyRead MoreDiscussing The First World War1432 Words   |  6 PagesWhen discussing the First World War, there are a myriad of topics, theories and debates that can be brought up, especially when its regarding to its breakout and and what lead to it. There are multiple direct and indirect causes that all are interconnected with one another, making it very difficult to just discuss about one topic without it overlapping with another completely different topic.　One of the most unquestionable causes that lead to the outbreak of the war was the alliance system that wasRead MoreThe Causes Of The First World War1406 Words   |  6 PagesOption A: What in your view were the causes of the First World War? How have historians’ views on the war changed over time? Historical events are crucial in human thoughts since they understand themselves better in the present through analyzing their past occurrences. Historical events help us to know the causes of certain past events, therefore, making the cause to entail long-term ideology events and actions. Nevertheless, the causes of certain events may differ depending on the scale of historyRead MoreCauses of the First World War1164 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War I Essay When a nation’s hunger for power and control become too great, the nation may be pushed to do things that may have harsh consequences. This was the case in the early 1900’s when the world engaged in its first major global military conflict. There were a number of causes of the First World War; due to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany accepted full responsibility for the war. Although the Germans had a large contribution in starting the war, they should not be fully heldRead MoreWeapons of the First World War698 Words   |  3 Pages Research Overview of WW1 Weapons During World War I many new kinds of weapons and technology were invented and improved. Some of these weapons included tanks, chemical and biochemical weapons, grenades, and machine guns. Chemical Warfare was used for the first time on a large scale in World War I. There are two main types of chemical warfare, one affects the surface of the body they come in contact with and the other affects the nervous system. Almost all chemical warfare weapons needed to beRead MoreThe First World War I1305 Words   |  6 PagesJahnecke Mrs. Schartner U.S. History 2 AP/IB 19 October 2015 Unit 3 Notebook Essay The First World War fought from 1914 to 1918 was one of the largest and most brutal catastrophes fought in the 20th century. With nearly the entire European continent fighting a barbaric and everlasting war, the U.S. had eventually to get involved in order to reinitiate stability to Europe. Ultimately, the U.S. taking involvement in World War I had a profound political, economic, and social impact on the country. It increasedRead MoreOrigins of the First World War1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe First World War was an international conflict which erupted in July 1914 involving various nations across the world. Many historians and those who have studied the Great War tend to give varied opinions as to what initially sparked the outbreak. However, although these opinions between researchers differ, they do all tend to revolve around the hostility between the great powers of Europe, the violent assassination of the Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and the controversial piecesRea d MoreThe Causes Of The First World War1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the First World War were similar and differed from the causes of the Second World War politically, economically, and socially. Both of these significant, historical events were substantially affected by the interaction of dominating societies during this time period. During the First World War, these leading societies were the European authorities of Britain, Germany, and Austria, with slight assistance from the U.S. However, the United States allocated their full engagement duringRead MoreThe Catalyst for the First World War1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe origins of the First World War are diverse, complicated and widely debated among historians, especially concerning the liability of Germany. Between 1871 and 1914, there are several elements that have contributed to destabilize the balance of European powers. Imperialism adopted by European countries, especially in Africa, the rise of Germany, which bui ld up the development of alliances between States and the expansion of nationalist movements are the main elements. 1) Germany, a new European

A Study On Low Income Immigrant Children - 962 Words

According to the migrationpolicy.org in 2010 the reports show low-income immigrant children were significantly less likely to make a doctors appointment weather having private or public health care insurance. Of the low-income immigrant children only forty-seven percent, forty-four percent with private coverage and sixty-two percent of public overage over their native-born children that sixty-nine percent, sixty-nine percent with private coverage, and seventy-one and a half percent with public coverage (Ku and Jewers). With the raise in obesity it is very important that they are able to go to the doctors the check their health. Having programs and doctors appointments set up can help them to learn where they need help weather its in their diets or in their exercise. I think having a program at schools can provide a better opportunity for both the children and the parents to have check ups especially when families are raises the rates of obesity. The increase between Latino’s a nd Whites in obese or overweight adults is a difference of 9.8%, while the difference between obese or overweight children aged two to nineteen is 10.4%. Knowing these statistics we can help the immigrates with their health in keeping their bodies moving though many types of physical activity weather in gym class, after school programs, or lower cost extra circular actives. Even though many of them immigrants have an active job they are still over weight and needs that extra help in learning how toShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Negative Effects of Mass Immigration1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Negative Effects of Mass Immigration For decades immigrants to America were sure of two things. They came for the opportunity to build a better life for their families and they would not seek nor would they accept a handout. The drive and attitude of immigrants who came to America during the nineteen twenties through the nineteen sixties built strong work ethics that created our now famous American melting pot. But for the past thirty years a runaway welfare state has poisoned our goodRead MoreImmigration Policy : The Nation Of Immigrants1486 Words   |  6 Pagesdepicted as â€Å"the nation of immigrants†, immigration policies have been highlighted in news media and pushed to the forefront of recent political debates in the United States. In 2014, more than 42.4 million, or 13.3%, of the 318.9 million people in the U.S. were immigrants (MPI, 2016). There was an 11 percent increase in 2014 in the number of foreign-born individuals that moved to the United States, with India and China the two countries of orig in with the most new immigrants (MPI, 2016). In terms ofRead MoreEssay on Childhood Obesity1599 Words   |  7 Pagessteadily affecting many low- and middle-income families particularly in the United States. The socioeconomic status of these families contributes to the childhood obesity epidemic. Summary of Article 1 The article, â€Å"Beliefs about the Role of Parenting in Feeding and Childhood Obesity among Mothers of Lower Socioeconomic Status† is a study that was conducted by Alison Kalinowski, Kylene Krause, Carla Berdejo, Kristina Harrell, Katherine Rosenblum, and Julie Lumeng. The study was published in the JournalRead MoreEssay about Immigrants Are Americans Too1405 Words   |  6 Pagespoorer health among new immigrants to the United States. One of the main provisions of the PRWORA was that it repealed Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and replaced it with Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).Before the enactment of TANF and the appeal of the AFDC, legal immigrants were eligible for the assistance under the same guidelines as citizens. This changed after the welfare reform; the PRWORA and TANF made it more difficult for immigrants to receive any form of socialRead MoreHouston Area Survey Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans, and Asians. In terms of Latinos in Houston, the study places emphasis on the differences between the first generation who are foreign-born, second generation who were born in the United States with immigrant parents, and third-generation Latinos who were born in America with American parents. The study explores the differences between the generations on their socioeconomic status including education levels and household income, and on their views on topics such as immigrati on and abortionRead MoreIllegal Immigration 1280 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease in the number of illegal immigrants with the number estimated to increase in the future. â€Å"The percentage of illegal immigrant population from Mexico was 59% (or 6.8 million) as of January 2013. Other countries with large amounts are El Salvador (660,000) Guatemala (52000), Hondorous (380,000) and China (280,000)† (Infoplease 1). The rising number of illegal immigrants over the past ten years has led to an increasing concern about the effects of illegal immigrants on wages, national security,Read MoreMaking Medicaid Available to People With Low Income1157 Words   |  5 PagesMedicare or Medicaid Medicaid is available to people with low incomes. These also include people who have reached a certain age, blind, disabled, and families who have dependent children. Poverty alone does not necessarily qualify someone for Medicaid; a patient has to fit into one of the seven categories which include a ssets, age, pregnancy, disability, blindness, income and resources, and ones status as a U.S. citizen or a lawfully admitted immigrant. Medicaid pays for some or all of the recipients needsRead MoreStigmatization Of Immigrants Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagesthey are. Immigrants have this kind of stigmatism that United States citizens do not have. This so called â€Å"stigmatism† is what divides immigrants from citizens. Poverty, crime, and little education account for the â€Å"stigmatization† of immigrants. The word â€Å"stigmatism† is attached to immigrants just like the word patriot was attached to Americans in the Revolutionary War. The British despised the patriots because they were infringing on their beliefs, which is the way citizens look at immigrants todayRead MoreThe New Wave Immigration Of Southern And Eastern Europeans946 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of the â€Å"old† wave immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans to the United States and compares the experiences of this group with the â€Å"new† wave immigration of non-European immigrants to the United States post 1965. One common phenomenon was clearly defined and explained the most important indicator of immigrant success in adapting to American culture, segmented assimilation. Kasinitz defines segmented assimilation as â€Å" various outcomes of the second generation based on different opportunitiesRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Are Good For The Economy Of The United States1250 Words   |  5 Pageshas attracted immigrants from different parts of the world. Illegal immigrants form the larger proportion of the immigrants into the United States. Policy analysts, government officials, as well as scholars have sought to ascertain the political, social, and economic impacts of the illegal immigrants (Hanson 11). Particularly, there has been raging debate regarding the economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States of America. It has become a mat ter of debate and study as it relates

Huck Finn Analysis Essay Example For Students

Huck Finn Analysis Essay Huckleberry Finn: AnalysisConflicts: Man vs. Man-The man vs. man conflict is brought up many times throughout this story. The first that is posed is the conflict between Huckleberry and Pap. Pap is Huckleberrys abusive biological father, and an alcoholic to boot. He first comes in and tries to steal his sons fortune, just so he can get drunk. Huckleberry is kidnapped by his father for a short time, and during this is beaten many times. Huckleberry eventually escapes as he saws his way out of a shed with an old saw he finds. He then kills a pig to fake his own death and smears blood all over the shed so the story is more believable. This is a book of social criticism. Twain has his ways of criticizingpeople of their actions and the things they do. Twain does a good jobexpressing the characters social behaivors. Instead of upfront making fun ofHulks actions he hints towards them or tries to glorify them when he doessomething that is socially wrong or unintelligent. Huck stages his death. Thisis not a real bright thing to do even though Hucks father is real mean and is athreat to his life and Hucks life. Huck wants to get away from him so bad thatthe first thing that comes into his mind is to stage his death so Pap will thinkhes dead and wont be looking for him ever again. Twain feels that by makingHuck do this Twain is poking fun a Hucks intelligence. Not his natureintelligence but his book intelligence. In other words Twain is making fun ofHuck. Twain also portrays Huck and Jim as stupid when Huck dresses up like agirl. Everyone knows Huck will not pass as a girlJim is very much like a father to Huck. He looks o ut for Huck and he isrespected and looked upon by Huck.This is also more significant becauseHuckleberry Finn never had a father and he never really had a role model. Jimserves this purpose perfectly. On one occasion Huck and Jim were exploring anold house that had floated down stream. While they were looking in it Jimdiscovered a dead body. Jim then covered up the corpse so Huck wouldnt see it. Jim felt that seeing a dead body at such a young age could corrupt a boy forlife. Huck then wanted to talk about the dead body but Jim suggested that theydont talk about it because it might bring bad luck. Huck then tried to play apractical joke on Jim by putting a dead snake near him. Jim was scared. Laterthe snakes mate came back and bit Huck. Jim was not at the site and didnt knowabout it. Category: English

Ethical Concerns and Meat Consumption in Australia

Question: Discuss about theEthical Concerns and Meat Consumption in Australia. Answer: Introduction The difference in beliefs about meat consumption has led to a complex meat paradox. While people find it palatable to consume meat, only a few take into consideration the pain animals endure. Loughnan, Haslam, and Bastian (2010) established that a stop in meat consumption is a negative phenomenon in the deeply rooted culture, especially in Australia. This essay finds the consumptions of meat an unethical practice because of moral concerns, the environmental impact, health issues, and poor meat quality, but also acknowledges the cultural concerns and the economic contributions. Moral Concerns Loughnan, Haslam, and Bastian (2010) argued that the consumption of meat had questionable moral concerns because of a violation of the animal rights. The cognitive dissonance theory helps in explaining how a change in attitude towards meat can foster humane care to animals. There have been images showing how people mishandle animals, especially during transportation. Live animal export is a major economic activity in Australia, and it accounts for almost 0.5% of the total exports from Australia (Kerkenezov 2014). However, the big concern is how these animals sadistically butchered alive in the Middle East and Northern Africa. Therefore, the moral obligation is to ensure that the receiving nations adhere to the animal welfare standards or the country must consider blocking live animal export. Probably, by stopping meat consumption, people can reason and understand the importance of animals to human survival. Singer (1975) also insisted that animals deserve care because they experience pain and harming them is immoral. Therefore, people should use their psychological thinking perspective to know that animals suffer when mishandled. Kerkenezov (2014) further raised concerns about live animal transport, which increases the level of stress because of the heat, susceptibility to unpreventable diseases, agonizing death, and exposure to unnecessary injuries. Environmental Impact The issue of food production and sustainability is a complex and multifactorial. The increase in human population is increasingly overpowering food production, which presents a complex challenge. However, in assessing the environmental impact of meat production Elferink, Nonhebel, and Moll (2008) reported that the effects are evident in the increased land use, greenhouse emission, soil erosion, and water depletion. Reports by Food and Agricultural Organization (2006) indicated that livestock keeping accounted for more than 70 per cent of arable land. Therefore, its expansion only affects other ecosystems because of deforestation to pave the way for grazing fields. The main concern is the inefficient use of land in meat production, which denies other vital activities a chance to use the land. It beats logic to grow cereals to feed animals for meat production rather than letting people consume the cereals directly (Garnett 2008). In Australia alone, land use for livestock keeping accou nts for 40 percent (Conant, Paustian, Elliott 2001) of the regions arable land, which makes it among regions to record the highest land disturbances. Modern farming practices, which advocate for the use of inorganic chemicals, have increased emission of nitrous oxide (Garnett 2008), which has increased the risk of global warming. The biggest argument in support of this statement is based on increased deforestation to pave the way for grazing fields and growth of feed crops. The whole meat industry chain is accountable for a substantial emission of greenhouse gas. For instance, slaughterhouses and packaging industries use chemicals to preserve and package the meat. Such wastes once emitted in the environment cause a great danger. Michaels and Knappenberger (1f996) made a recommendation to encourage people to reduce meat consumption to counter the increasing waste from the meat industry chain and minimize greenhouse effect. Livestock farming is among the largest consumers of water not only in Australia but also in the whole world. Therefore, such competition between animals and human beings for limited water leaves the government with little choices. The use of inorganic chemicals in animal farms often pollutes water bodies when the remnants get carried away during the rainy seasons. Therefore, fresh and clean water safe for consumption becomes a fairy tale. Therefore, it is unethical to eat meat if its chain contributes to all these environmental effects that have catastrophic ramifications Health Meat consumption contributes little to the nutrition grid. Most nutritionists recommend consumption of whole grains and cereals because they give a double amount of nutrients as compared to meat. Contemporary issues surrounding red meat seem to expose consumers to lifestyle diseases like cancer, obesity, cardiovascular complications, and diabetes among others. How many are willing to expose themselves to such fatal lifestyle diseases? Nobody. Even though there are recommendations that minimal consumption of meat and its products is good for the human health, the fact remains that it is a precursor for the said complications. Therefore, people should consider substituting their diets with cereals, green vegetables, and fruits, whose health benefits are multi-faceted. According to Hausen (2012), Australia ranks the highest in areas that recorded an increase in colorectal cancer since 1975 because of the beef-eating custom. Therefore, reduction in beef consumption is ethical because it saves people from deadly cancer and improves life expectancy. People should think beyond their customs and help the world in fighting the deadly lifestyle diseases that are simple to avoid, especially if other alternatives for food get special attention. Therefore, it is unethical to consume meat because the government ends up spending much money on medical services. The increase in cases of lifestyle diseases is straining most health care providers, who are incapacitated with the high number of patients. The health insurance service providers have increased the premiums because of uncertainties posed by the diseases. Quality Bindon and Jones (2001) reported that some consumers were unsatisfied with the quality of Australian beef regarding tenderness and flavor. The rearing practices or packaging designs may have an influence on the reduced quality. It is unethical to consume meat that does not adhere to set standards because it is poisonous to the human body. Consumers are left to ask themselves about beef freshness, the health records of the slaughtered animals. Large scale ranches leave the animals in the open and even let them roam in forests for a long time before coming to re-group them. Random roaming of animals opens room for diseases, which may not be realized because of the herds size. In some instances, Australians are consuming low-quality meat, and it is their choice to stop such exploitation. Economic Block However, there are other schools of thought that consider beef consumption ethical because it is an economic block. The increase in demand for beef products comes as a gift to farmers who get a guaranteed market for their products. Livestock keeping is a major activity in Australia, and most people see it as an ancient culture that must be preserved. However, they should note that the worlds beef consumption capacity is reducing as people direct their attention towards white meat, which they consider to have health benefits. The rigid prices for most products are discouraging people from purchasing as they go for substitutes, which serve the same purpose. The assumption that the beef industry chain is a sustainable economic block for Australia must change before reservists find themselves with products that lack customers. Cultural Concerns Even though there is tangible evidence that links beef to good nutrition, over consumption opens up for complications rather than sustaining good health. Lea and Worsley (2001) found that people who consume beef products lack knowledge about vegetarian eating. Alternatively, they perceive vegetarian eating as a habit of the poor. Being a cultural behavior, most Australians do not know how to prepare meat-free meals, which keeps them glued recipes they know best. The risks of sticking to such recipes are evident as discussed above, especially on health matters. Considered an ancient practice, most Australians have lived to associate and know the taste of meet more than any other food. Others claim that the land is not fit for arable agriculture and thus livestock keeping is the most favorable activity. Conclusion From the discussion above, it is evident that consumption of beef and its products is unethical. Even though the degree of severity differs among people, the most evident and constant global issues are explained. Therefore, it is unethical to support meat production if the processes of slaughtering and taking care of animals are questionable. There have been moral concerns especially in live animal transport, where much livestock have died on board because of heat stress and susceptibility to diseases. Sadistic Butchering especially in the Middle East has raised concerns about animal welfare and why Australia has to export animals to such countries. Other notable unethical issues include environmental pollution. The impact of greenhouse emission affects everyone, and as discussed, the meat industry accounts for a substantial amount of pollution along its chain. Health issues have become the most notable issues arising from meat consumption. Even though people have deeply rooted cultu ral beliefs in the benefits of meat and the economic contribution, they cannot outweigh the health problems. Escalation of the problem is affecting Australias population and life expectancy. For these reasons, meat consumption needs to stop to save the world from the growing problems. References Bindon, B. M. Jones, N. M. 2001, Cattle supply, production systems and markets for Australian beef, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol. 41, pp. 861-877. Conant, R.T., Paustian, K. and Elliott, E.T. 2001, Grassland management and conversion into grassland: effects on soil carbon, Ecological Applications, vol.11, no.2, pp.343-355. Elferink, E.V., Nonhebel, S. and Moll, H.C. 2008, Feeding livestock food residue and the consequences for the environmental impact of meat, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 16, no. 12, pp.1227-1233. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) (2006). World Agriculture: Towards 2030/2050, FAO, Rome, viewed 13 October 2016 https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/esag/docs/Interim_report_AT2050web.pdf. Garnett, T. 2008. Cooking Up A Storm Food, greenhouse gas emissions and our changing climate, Food Climate Research Network, viewed 13 October 2016 https://www.fcrn.org.uk/sites/default/files/CuaS_web.pdf. Hausen, H. 2012, Red meat consumption and cancer: Reason to suspect involvement of bovine infectious factors in colorectal cancer, International Journal of Cancer, vol. 130, pp. 2475-2483. Kerkenezov, P. 2014, Live animal export is unethical, CVE Control Therapy Series, vol. 275, pp. 51-56. Lea, E. Worsley, A. 2001, Influence on meat consumption in Australia, Appetite, vol. 36, pp. 127-136. Loughnan, S., Haslam, N. Bastian, B. 2010, The role of meat consumption in the denial of moral status and mind to meat animals, Appetite, vol. 55, pp. 156-159. Michaels, P.J. and Knappenberger, P.C. 1996, The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the scientific consensus on global warming, Energy Environment, vol.7, no.4, pp.333-348. Singer, P. 1975, Animal liberation: A new ethics for our treatment of animals. Random House: New York.